Oldtidsagre - Genstandskundskab

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174 Nr. 1 and the strip-field in North-\Vestern Europe. If we can rely on the dating of the Tømmerby-plough, we must assume that the mould-board plough was used in the more fertile parts of Jutland at the same time as the arð was functioning upon the light, sandy soil. In England, the Roman estates were probably utilizing the fertile plains, using heavy ploughs and strip-fields while Celtic peasants cultivated the chalk downs with light ploughs and retained the broad “Celtic fields". Now and then, long and narrow fields occur among “Celtic fields", and in Jutland this is often to be met with, e. g. in Byrsted heath. This may probably be explained as due to a sort of cultural influence from the agriculture of the more fertile and rich parts. The farmers in the poor regions knew that great and rich people made their fields long and narrow. Therefore, they adopted the strip-form, by and by, perhaps without taking over the mould-board plough. The long fields in some groups of ancient fields in Jutland were probably not tilled with a mould-board plough, rather with a comparatively effective arð of the Vebbestrup-type. \Vhen so considerable remnants of the “Oldtidsager"-system have been preserved until our day, this is due to the fact that certain infertile regions were cultivated during the Early Iron Age and left' waste in the Late Iron Age. During the last centuries B.C., agriculture must have made considerable advances in North \Vestern Europe. The heavy plough with iron share and with mould board made it possible to cultivate heavy soils. Apparently, the Bronze Age and Late Stone Age farmers had preferred light, naturally drained soils; cf. the distribution of grave-mounds in Denmark (BRØNDSTED, II, 1939). In England, the Bronze Age farmers avoided the lowest lands and the heaviest soils; the villages were often situated “on the gravel of river-banks or the light upland soils such as the chalk downs or oolite plateaux“, surrounded by small fields (COLLINGVVOOD and MYRES, 1936, pp. 14 and 20). However, about 75 B.C., the Belgae migrated from northern Gaul into South-Eastern England, bringing with them a heavy plough and a new agricultural technique adapted to heavy soils (CoLL1NGwooD and l\Ivmas, 1936, pp. 27-28). Probably, this agricultural technique had at that time asserted itself in Central Europe; and the dating ofthe Tømmerby-plough would indicate that the new technique had reached Jutland already during an early phase of the Pre-Roman Iron Age. However, while the heavy plough and the strip-field system were conquering the fertile regions of Jutland, agriculture made also advances in Jutland`s infertile and sandy regions where the arð continued as the main implement of the farmers. Poor soils were brought under cultivation, and later on they were again abandoned. The “<strong>Oldtidsagre</strong>" of Jutland are representative of these deserted outposts of ancient eultivation. It would be misleading, therefore, to regard the map of our “<strong>Oldtidsagre</strong>" in Jutland as representative of the distribution of agriculture and population in the Early Iron Age. A more correct idea of these things may be gained from a map of the grave-finds of the Early Roman Iron Age, indicating a considerable density f`or East-Jutland (BRØNDSTED, III, 1940, p. 125).
Nr.l 175 Settlement and cultivation expanded during the Early Iron Age in Jutland in the fertile regions and also in the infertile parts. This would indicate a general economic rise, causing an excess of population. Later on, the most infertile regions were again partly given up; and some of the ancient fields were left deserted, until the increasing population and economic improvement in our time impelled the farmers to take the poorest soil under the plough.
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DET KONGELIGE DANSKE VIDENSKABERNES
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[HHÖKONGELHHZDANSKE\UDENSKABERNESS
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I. Indledning. rdet Oldtidsagre er
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Nr.1 5 JESSEN. Bestemmelse af Korna
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Nr. 1 7 7. Syd for Gaarden »Heden
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Nr. 1 9 vestlige Volde saas tydelig
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Nr.1 11 37. Vokslev Hede, Vokslev S
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Nr. 1 13 ALBRECHTSEN. Jeg besøgte
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Nr.1 15 80. Thorsted, 2. En overpl
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Nr. 1 17 naturlige Østgrænse. Her
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Nr. 1 19 Anders Bendixens Gaard, fi
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Nr. 1 21 stet svensk Lejr. Denne Fo
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Nr. 1 23 Hvad der især giver Forek
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Nr.1 Fig.6. 3:5 HQ- f- «fi=-> Fig.
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Nr. 1 C1 b Fig. 9 u og b. Lerkar fr
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Nr. 1 g. 13. Lerkar fra Brandplctgr
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Nr. 1 31 Den er opstaaet ved, at et
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Nr. 1 33 Led i det tidlige Agerbrug
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Nr. 1 35 19. Fald Hede. Paa Fald He
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Nr. 1 37 fandtes en Stenkreds, 41/2
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Nr. 1 1 di f - _. if Ai?-'>io,,= ,~
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Nr. 1 41 Gravmaaltidet. Men det bet
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Nr. 1 43 faa Stendynger, liggende s
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Nr. 1 45 I Agervoldene laa der stor
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Nr. 1 47 Ved Gennemgangen af Skaarf
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Nr. 1 49 37. Vokslev Hede. Østligs
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Nr. 1 51 og I-Iøjning 125 blev der
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Nr. 1 53 sket allerede i Oldtiden.
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Nr. 1 55 laa uden for Agervoldene.
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Nr. 1 57 strakt sig videre til alle
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Nr. 1 59 Dyreknogler, af hvilke nog
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Nr. 1 61 fra Agrene. Og ved Skaaren
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Nr. 1 63 Ved Siden af det Sted, hvo
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Nr. 1 65 indrettet Agerskellene eft
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N1 1 Ö' 1=1g._1 1. 1;_1. l
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Nr. 1 69 har tilstræbt for Liggern
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Nr. 1 71 sprunget i Lyng. Adskillig
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Nr.1 73 laa ogsaa ved og især mell
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Nr.1 75 for Hojgruppen. Under Lyngs
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Nr. 1 77 Paa et af Fotografierne sk
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Nr. 1 79 agrene fandtes Knusesten,
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Nr. 1 81 \\ / I Nordsiden og Østsi
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Nr. 1 Dyrkningsspor sig efterhaande
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Nr. 1 85 dyrkning. Nogle Agervolde
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Nr. 1 87 Ogsaa andre Steder paa Old
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Nr. 1 89 paavist et Ildsted, lagt i
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Nr. 1 91 En Qpmaaling blev foretage
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Nr. 1 93 førtes. Derimod findes i
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Nr. 1 Fig. 68. Fotografi af Altalds
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Nr. 1 97 usædvanlig mange Plantere
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Nr.1 99 ogsaa Podsoleringen virket
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Nr.l lm 4 l 1 Ø . _ ,_ . _. _ Pg.
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Nr.1 103 at der har staaet lodrette
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Nr. 1 105 saa at Huset engang er bl
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Nr.1 107 De tre Hustomter, som saal
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Nr.1 109 Fig. 83. Samme Lerkar, eft
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Nr. 1 91. Harild Hede. I Harild Hed
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Nr.1 113 Sandrevler, som har megen
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Nr.l 115 Agervoldene var af meget r
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Nr.1 117 nyere Dyrkning. Grusgravni
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Nr.l 119 En Undersøgelse og Opmaal
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Nr.1 121 Den ved Dyrkningen fremkal
Page 125 and 126: Nr. 1 123 lavede af Lyngtørv og us
Page 127 and 128: Nr. 1 125 S. 229 og flg. beskrevne
Page 129 and 130: Nr.l 127 viser, at Agerbruget spill
Page 131 and 132: Nr. 1 129 usandsynligt, at det kan
Page 133 and 134: Nr. 1 131 Spørgsmaalet om, hvorvid
Page 135 and 136: Nr.1 133 her været holdt tørre ve
Page 137 and 138: Nr. 1 I Helleristninger fra Bretagn
Page 139 and 140: Nr.l 137 slutter CURWEN deraf, at d
Page 141 and 142: Nr. 1 139 I England har man indordn
Page 143 and 144: Nr.1 141 synes helt at mangle. Ogsa
Page 145 and 146: Nr. 1 143 Brugen af en let Plov af
Page 147 and 148: Nr. 1 145 af Høst- og Vinter-Regne
Page 149 and 150: Nr.1 147 knytter sig til Hjulploven
Page 151 and 152: Nr.1 149 et agrikulturelt Fremstød
Page 153 and 154: Nr.1 151 excavations, sometimes ben
Page 155 and 156: Nr.l 153 fields-and most of the kno
Page 157 and 158: Nr. 1 155 The datable finds, made i
Page 159 and 160: Nr.1 157 likely that the long and n
Page 161 and 162: Nr. 1 159 showed only secondary pod
Page 163 and 164: Nr.1 161 They are probably to be ex
Page 165 and 166: Nr. 1 163 a representation of the s
Page 167 and 168: Nr. 1 155 (Antiqu. Journal Xlll, pp
Page 169 and 170: Nr. 1 167 VAN GIFFEN has also found
Page 171 and 172: Nr.1 169 The “Celtic fields" and
Page 173 and 174: Nr.l 171 turalis, XVIII, XLVII). A
Page 175: Nr.1 173 plying the use of the arð
Page 179 and 180: Nr.1 177 ELGEE, FRANK and WRAGG, HA
Page 181 and 182: Nr. 1 179 SEHESTED, F.: Fortidsmind
Page 183 and 184: Nr. 1 181 Fotografi fra den sydlige
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Oldtidsagre - Genstandskundskab

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