Storskalaprojekt med forsyning af AFME biodiesel i ... - Trafikstyrelsen

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The storage and distribution system were also optimised. Storage facilities on Aarhus harbour were modernised with respect to handling of biodiesel and were certified by relevant public authorities. All tanks in commercial petrol stations and for the participating bus fleets were cleaned prior to the test, to reduce the risk of microbial growth in the tanks. Biodiesel degrades more easily than fossil diesel if the right growth conditions are present. Plans for distribution and exchange of fuels were made between the oil companies and co-ordinated within the framework for monopoly legislation. Administrative procedures were created for internal reporting within the consortium, as well as to the public authorities. Information was also provided to all personnel in the distribution chain. A consumer evaluation was carried out half way through the project and an evaluation was also carried out by the oil companies after completion of the practical distribution phase. The start of the project was marked by a good deal of uncertainty and the practical demonstration was delayed compared with the original plan. This was mainly due to the amendments in the construction of storage facilities, but also as ensuring a robust winter quality of B5, which maintained all specifications, was considerably more demanding than expected. The thorough preparation has however meant that the project has been problem free for the oil companies, motorists and bus companies. Not a single fault or request for compensation, which can be traced to the fuel, has been received from end users. A study of the fuel accounts for Århus Sporveje and De Gronne Busser shows that there is no change in performance or fuel consumption as a result of the inclusion of 5% biodiesel in fossil diesel. In the use of pure biofuel (B100), two of the tankers used to transport pure biodiesel from Daka Biodiesel to the storage facilities in Aarhus, registered leaks. The damage concerned vehicles with inbuilt pumps, where a seal was used which was not resistant to pure biodiesel. Biodiesel in pure form is known to affect certain rubber and plastic materials, as well as some soft metals, when used over a longer period of time. No negative effects were observed after the biodiesel was blended with fossil diesel. This should however be taken into account in the distribution chain. Large changes in fuel prices throughout the project have led to increased costs of purchasing biofuel in comparison with the budget. Extra funds from the Agency for Road Safety and Transport Agency made continuation of the planned distribution period possible, and in fact allowed an expansion of the time. The project has established and tested realistic logistics for safe blending of AFME and distribution of B5 on a large scale basis. It has furthermore demonstrated that biodiesel made from animal fats can be used as a bio-component in traditional fossil diesel for sale in Danish petrol stations as well as for fleet use, without any negative consequences for functionality or fuel consumption. Use of AFME as a bio-component in commercial petrol stations or fleets will however require a number of relatively large changes in the distribution chain. 2
Under the current framework conditions, use of biodiesel will mean increased costs for the oil sector. A major part of these costs is the cost of the bio-component itself, but there are also costs associated with changes to the base product. Extra costs for the base diesel have been relatively high in the test period as an alternative standard product had to be purchased, which was not necessarily optimised for that use. Apart from extra costs for the fuel itself, there will be expenses for conversion of storage tanks and even refineries. The oil industry has estimated that based on the project results, a complete conversion to handling of biodiesel including certification and approval could take up to 1½ years. Work with optimisation of the product in relation to commercial use has shown that as is also the case for non-biodiesel over the course of a year, there is a need for different solutions to satisfy the Danish oil industry’s demands and norms, as well as to minimise costs. During the test period, 2 diesel qualities were used, compared with 3 under normal non-biodiesel conditions. 5% biodiesel was added to the base diesel throughout the project period. Base diesel quality was primarily adjusted for density and cold weather performance. Adjustment of the cold weather performance for the summer period was not as large as under winter conditions, the reason being that biodiesel is very hard to adjust to a winter quality. During the winter period, Norwegian standard winter quality diesel was imported as the most effective solution. In general, the product which was distributed in the test period was very stable with respect to oxidation in storage facilities and fuel systems, which is supported by the fact that B5 complies with the higher demands for oxidation stability in EN590. During the project, there was intensive work to find alternative solutions to the winter situation in the form of various additives, so that a normal Danish winter diesel – or slightly modified version, could be used in the future. The cold weather characteristics CFPP can possibly be adjusted by the addition of flow improvers, though further testing and approval is necessary. Adjustment of cloud can only be done by changes in production in refineries, which would be a relatively expensive solution. In general it must be expected that use of AFME gives some extra costs to base diesel, not least in the winter period, which is reflected in a lower price for AFME compared with RME during this season. AFME has however other advantages including low water, monoglyceride and metal content, as well as high stability (low lacquer formation) as a result of the low content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, doubling counting etc. Market forces will prevail, as is the case in many other EU regions, where FAME types are blended according to available base diesel and end product specifications. During optimisation of the product characteristics, there appeared a number of unexpected reactions between different components in the biodiesel and the base diesel used. This meant that the cold weather performance for a blended product is source specific, with respect to both the biodiesel and the base diesel. Experience with optimisation of base diesel with respect to biodiesel has been particularly beneficial, also over the longer term for suggestions for other bio-components than the animal- 3
Page 1 and 2: Storskalaprojekt Forsyning af AFME
Page 3 and 4: Forord Denne rapport afslutter den
Page 5: Figuroversigt Figur 1: B5Next-proje
Page 10 and 11: ased product used. Oil companies ha
Page 12: sector, according to the Danish Age
Page 15 and 16: En tilpasning af lager- og distribu
Page 17 and 18: I arbejdet med optimeringen af prod
Page 19: til stede blandt bilisterne. Spørg
Page 22 and 23: 2001). Hvidbogen kræver, at afhæn
Page 24: Dette til trods har det for virksom
Page 27 and 28: Projektet havde følgende konkrete
Page 29 and 30: erfaringsindsamling og test i et an
Page 31 and 32: Til håndtering af udfordringer i f
Page 34 and 35: 4 AFME - Biodiesel I dette kapitel
Page 36 and 37: slagterier og døde dyr fra primær
Page 38 and 39: Alternativt skal den færdige b7 le
Page 40 and 41: Biodiesel har gode smøreegenskaber
Page 42: Mindre gode syre- og oxidationsegen
Page 45 and 46: komme i konflikt med gældende regl
Page 47 and 48: Efter godt et halvt års arbejde in
Page 49 and 50: Uanset valg af løsning har det hel
Page 51 and 52: monteringspersonel. Det vurderes, a
Page 53 and 54: I løbet af projektet har adskillig
Page 55 and 56: hvilket måske giver en indikation
Page 57 and 58: Billeder: Eksempler på foldere til
Page 59 and 60:
usikkerhed hos brugerne. Brugerne e
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I relation til administration har p
Page 64:
asediesler og additiver imellem er
Page 67 and 68:
Færdselsstyrelsen (2007), Bekendtg
Page 70 and 71:
Bilag 1 - Organisering af B5Next Pr
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Bilag 2 - EN14214 66
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Bilag 4 - Produktgruppens anbefalin
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Arbejdsinstruktion SAMTANK A/S Side
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Bilag 6 - Rapport vedr. skader på
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Den samlede omkostning til renoveri
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Side 4 af 7
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Side 6 af 7
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Bilag 7 - Brugerundersøgelse PROFE
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Tankstationer: Overordnet kendskab
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T ankstationer: S tørrelse på mer
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Busstoppested: Viden om biodiesel f
Page 98 and 99:
Kommentarer Spørgsmål 4 til bilis
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