Mapovani KKP, svazekII_final
Executive Summary Also visual arts have a strong tradition in the CR, but the art market was strongly influenced by the period of socialism, and after 1989 had to be set from scratch. The strongest players in the Czech market are the auction houses, of which there are currently 21. Another important segment of the market are art galleries (including antique shops), which, however, in the CR represent a serious weakness because only a few of them exclusively represent contemporary artists. The creation of new galleries is associated with considerable difficulties in the form of lack of capital, undeveloped collecting and the small Czech market. They can not make living without a foreign clientele. Nevertheless the current demand of professional artists for their representation by the galleries exceeds supply. In the CR direct sale from the studios without the involvement of intermediaries (gallery owners) still prevails. The reason for this is also the fact that the operation of private galleries is not, unlike foreign practice, systematically supported by the state (mainly by supporting their participation in international fairs). The art scene in the CR is still viewed primarily through the prism of state museums and galleries presenting permanent historical collections, and much less attention is given to the support of contemporary production and related activities. Public subsidies flow mainly into state memory institutions: the state and local governments are the founders of three-quarters of all museums and art galleries. However, even this support is inadequate and finances are lacking especially in the area of acquisitions, where a long-term debt has accumulated and collections are, for example, missing works by contemporary Czech authors of the last decades. Performing arts, which are characterized by the presentation of the work or performance in a particular place and time, include theatre, dance, music (for the purposes of this study only classical), and festivals, regardless of their genre. The infrastructure of live art has traditionally been numerous and varied in the CR. It includes theatre buildings, “stagionas” – multi-genre centres, studios, concert halls, festival open air areas etc. The network of cultural houses represents a certain Czech phenomenon; they have recently been transformed and often show activities in the field of performing arts (according to the NIPOS statistics – The National Information and Consulting Centre for Culture – there are currently 521 active cultural houses in the CR). The scenes and spaces are managed by different types of entities: most of them are entities supported from public sources (this is also the case of the backbone theatre and orchestral network), others are run by private and also non-profit entities. 568
Executive Summary The extensive theatre infrastructure base in the CR consists of a public network of theatres, including 11 multi-ensemble entities (drama, opera, and ballet) in ten regions, and around 40 theatres founded or established by public authorities. The main problem of these theatres (in comparison with European countries) seems to be the insufficient public financing. According to the NIPOS statistics, which includes opera, dance and “stagionas” in the theatre area, there are in total about 152 theatres in the CR (of which 37 established by the state authorities, 42 founded by business entities and 73 founded by non-profit entities). However, it can be assumed that there are more business and especially non-profit entities. Theatre attendance reaches about 6 million visitors, which means that once a year more than half of the population visits the theatre in the CR. The most and longest discussed topic is the need for systemic changes in the operation of a publicly funded contributory organizations (it concerns not only theatres, but also other disciplines). Regarding dance, there are currently 11 ballet ensembles within the above-mentioned public theatre network in the CR. The genres of contemporary dance and street techniques are implemented within the non-profit sector (rather contemporary dance) or the business sector (rather street dance). The domestic contemporary dance scene is active and quite successful in the international context. The phenomenon of the new circus is successful and has achieved the leading position within the Central Eastern Europe. On the other hand, folk dance has retreated into the background; today there is only one professional ensemble (Ondráš) and other folk dance activities are purely amateur. The network of former state symphony orchestras with permanent staff is currently largely managed by cities. In total, there are roughly 228 orchestras recorded in the CR, including the amateur and agency ones. In the CR, however, there are also many chamber ensembles and soloists that are not covered by official statistics (about 600) and also 168 mixed ensembles, 372 choirs and vocal ensembles and about three thousand soloists. In the CR a large number of festivals are organized (currently there are about 600 recorded and statistically monitored); they are mostly project-financed from public subsidies. Besides the big international festivals, there are many smaller traditional and innovative ones, which contribute to the presentation of new trends and strengthening community identity at the local level. The Ministry of Culture (hereinafter the MoC) current strategic issue is the launching of a separate programme for major international festivals. Currently, it is discussed whether this programme should include only music or also other genres. More systematic support and increased financial support for export and international cooperation have been identified as strong needs in all segments. 569
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Executive Summary<br />
The extensive theatre infrastructure base in the CR consists of a public network of<br />
theatres, including 11 multi-ensemble entities (drama, opera, and ballet) in ten<br />
regions, and around 40 theatres founded or established by public authorities. The<br />
main problem of these theatres (in comparison with European countries) seems<br />
to be the insufficient public financing. According to the NIPOS statistics, which<br />
includes opera, dance and “stagionas” in the theatre area, there are in total about<br />
152 theatres in the CR (of which 37 established by the state authorities, 42 founded<br />
by business entities and 73 founded by non-profit entities). However, it can be assumed<br />
that there are more business and especially non-profit entities. Theatre attendance<br />
reaches about 6 million visitors, which means that once a year more than half<br />
of the population visits the theatre in the CR. The most and longest discussed topic<br />
is the need for systemic changes in the operation of a publicly funded contributory<br />
organizations (it concerns not only theatres, but also other disciplines).<br />
Regarding dance, there are currently 11 ballet ensembles within the above-mentioned<br />
public theatre network in the CR. The genres of contemporary dance and street<br />
techniques are implemented within the non-profit sector (rather contemporary dance)<br />
or the business sector (rather street dance). The domestic contemporary dance<br />
scene is active and quite successful in the international context. The phenomenon of<br />
the new circus is successful and has achieved the leading position within the Central<br />
Eastern Europe. On the other hand, folk dance has retreated into the background; today<br />
there is only one professional ensemble (Ondráš) and other folk dance activities<br />
are purely amateur.<br />
The network of former state symphony orchestras with permanent staff is currently<br />
largely managed by cities. In total, there are roughly 228 orchestras recorded in the<br />
CR, including the amateur and agency ones. In the CR, however, there are also many<br />
chamber ensembles and soloists that are not covered by official statistics (about<br />
600) and also 168 mixed ensembles, 372 choirs and vocal ensembles and about three<br />
thousand soloists.<br />
In the CR a large number of festivals are organized (currently there are about 600<br />
recorded and statistically monitored); they are mostly project-financed from public<br />
subsidies. Besides the big international festivals, there are many smaller traditional<br />
and innovative ones, which contribute to the presentation of new trends and strengthening<br />
community identity at the local level. The Ministry of Culture (hereinafter<br />
the MoC) current strategic issue is the launching of a separate programme for major<br />
international festivals. Currently, it is discussed whether this programme should<br />
include only music or also other genres.<br />
More systematic support and increased financial support for export and international<br />
cooperation have been identified as strong needs in all segments.<br />
569